The opioid crisis: The links between national and state initiatives

Since late 2015, the nation's response to the opioid addiction crisis has led to unprecedented changes by the primary professional medical organizations and standards bodies that author guidelines and recommendations for pain treatment. The movement to first-line chronic pain management— away from opioids and drugs-first to non-pharmacological and integrative treatment options—is nearly universally accepted as optimal at the national level, even as the practical matter of educating physicians…