Integrative perspectives on dysmenorrhea

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Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are experienced by more than 50 percent of women. The degree of pain is variable and can be described in a bell curve distribution—for some the pain is hardly noticeable, for others it is severe, and for the majority the pain is somewhere in between. The constellation of symptoms can include focal cramping or pain in the lower abdomen, pelvis, lower back, and legs. Gastro-enterologic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Generalized…