Preliminary results from remdesivir for COVID-19 clinical trial published

The investigational antiviral remdesivir is superior to the standard of care for the treatment of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), according to a new report published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

The preliminary analysis is based on data from the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT), sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The randomized, controlled trial enrolled hospitalized adults with COVID-19 with evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement, generally moderate to severe disease.

Investigators found that remdesivir was most beneficial for hospitalized patients with severe disease who required supplemental oxygen. Findings about benefits in other patient subgroups were less conclusive in this preliminary analysis, the researchers said,

The study began on February and enrolled 1,063 participants in 10 countries in 58 days. Patients provided informed consent to participate in the trial and were randomly assigned to receive local standard care and a 10-day course of the antiviral remdesivir intravenously or local standard care and a placebo. The trial was double-blind, meaning neither investigators nor participants knew who was receiving remdesivir or placebo.

The trial closed to enrollment on April 19. On April 27, while participant follow-up was still ongoing, an independent data and safety monitoring board overseeing the trial reviewed data and shared their preliminary analysis with the NIAID. The NIAID quickly made the primary results of the study public due to the implications for both patients currently in the study and for public health. The current report describes the preliminary results of the trial.

The report notes that patients who received remdesivir had a shorter time to recovery than those who received placebo. The study defined recovery as being discharged from the hospital or being medically stable enough to be discharged from the hospital. The median time to recovery was 11 days for patients treated with remdesivir compared with 15 days for those who received placebo.

According to researchers, the findings are statistically significant and are based on an analysis of 1,059 participants, 538 who received remdesivir and 521 who received placebo. Clinicians tracked patients' clinical status daily using an eight-point ordinal scale ranging from fully recovered to death. Investigators also compared clinical status between the study arms on day 15 and found that the odds of improvement in the ordinal scale were higher in the remdesivir arm than in the placebo arm.

Trial results also suggested a survival benefit, with a 14-day mortality rate of 7.1 percent for the group receiving remdesivir versus 11.9 percent for the placebo group. However, the difference in mortality was not statistically significant.

Ultimately, the findings support remdesivir as the standard therapy for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and requiring supplemental oxygen therapy, according to the researchers. However, the authors said the mortality rate of 7.1 percent at 14 days in the remdesivir arm indicates the need to evaluate antivirals with other therapeutic agents to continue to improve clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19.

The NIAID is currently conducting a clinical trial, ACTT 2, evaluating remdesivir in combination with the anti-inflammatory drug baricitinib compared with remdesivir alone.

Editor’s note: Click here for more information and ongoing COVID-19 updates for integrative healthcare professionals.